DIY Septic Tank: A Detailed Blueprint for On-Site Wastewater Management

Building a septic tank is a crucial step in creating an effective wastewater management system for your property. This guide will provide you with a comprehensive overview of how to make a septic tank, from choosing the right location and materials to installing and maintaining the system.

Choosing the Right Location

The location of your septic tank is crucial for its proper functioning. Consider the following factors when choosing a site:

• Distance from water sources: The tank should be at least 50 feet away from any well or surface water.
• Slope: The ideal slope is between 2% and 10%, allowing for proper drainage.
• Soil conditions: The soil should be porous and well-drained to facilitate absorption of the effluent.

Selecting the Right Materials

The following materials are commonly used in septic tank construction:

• Concrete: Precast or poured-in-place concrete is a durable and long-lasting option.
• Polyethylene: This lightweight and corrosion-resistant material is easy to install.
• Fiberglass: Fiberglass tanks are lightweight, durable, and resistant to chemicals.

Digging the Excavation

1. Dig a hole for the tank that is twice the width of the tank and deep enough for the tank’s height plus 12 inches of gravel on the bottom.
2. Slope the bottom of the excavation towards the outlet pipe.

Installing the Septic Tank

1. Place a layer of gravel on the bottom of the excavation.
2. Set the tank in the excavation and level it using a spirit level.
3. Connect the inlet and outlet pipes to the tank.

Backfilling the Excavation

1. Backfill the excavation with soil or sand, compacting it as you go.
2. Leave a mound of soil over the tank to protect it from freezing.

Installing the Distribution Box

The distribution box distributes the effluent evenly throughout the drain field.

1. Dig a hole for the distribution box and connect it to the outlet pipe of the septic tank.
2. Fill the distribution box with gravel and cover it with a lid.

Installing the Drain Field

The drain field is where the effluent is treated by the soil.

1. Dig trenches for the drain pipes, spacing them at least 6 feet apart.
2. Lay perforated pipes in the trenches and cover them with gravel.
3. Backfill the trenches with soil.

Maintaining Your Septic Tank

Regular maintenance is essential for the proper functioning of your septic tank.

• Pump the tank every 3-5 years: This removes sludge and scum that can clog the system.
• Inspect the tank and drain field annually: Look for cracks, leaks, or other issues.
• Don’t overuse water: Excessive water can overload the system and cause backups.
• Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items: These can clog the system and harm the bacteria that break down waste.

Finishing Touches

• Landscape the area around the septic tank: This will help to conceal the system and reduce odors.
• Install a gas vent: This will release gases from the tank and prevent them from accumulating in the house.

Beyond Conclusion: Mastering Septic Tank Management

Building and maintaining a septic tank is a complex but essential task for any property owner. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create a wastewater management system that will serve your needs for years to come. Remember, proper maintenance is key to ensuring the longevity and effectiveness of your septic tank.