Save Thousands on Septic Tank Repairs: DIY Drain Field Maintenance Guide

A septic tank drain field, also known as a leach field or disposal field, is a crucial component of a septic system. Its primary function is to collect and disperse wastewater from the septic tank into the surrounding soil. The drain field allows the wastewater to be naturally treated and purified by the soil before it eventually seeps into the groundwater.

How Does a Septic Tank Drain Field Work?

After wastewater enters the septic tank, solids settle to the bottom, forming sludge, while lighter materials float to the top, creating scum. The clarified wastewater (effluent) flows out of the septic tank and into the drain field through a series of perforated pipes or tiles.

These pipes or tiles are laid in trenches filled with gravel or crushed stone. The gravel or crushed stone provides a large surface area for the wastewater to come into contact with the soil. As the wastewater seeps into the soil, bacteria in the soil break down and remove contaminants.

Types of Septic Tank Drain Fields

There are several types of septic tank drain fields, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:

• Standard Drain Field: This is the most common type of drain field and consists of perforated pipes or tiles laid in trenches filled with gravel or crushed stone.
• Chamber Drain Field: This type of drain field uses prefabricated plastic chambers instead of trenches. The chambers are filled with gravel or crushed stone and provide more surface area for wastewater treatment.
• Sand Filter Drain Field: This drain field uses a layer of sand instead of gravel or crushed stone. The sand filters the wastewater more effectively, removing more contaminants.
• Evapotranspiration Drain Field: This type of drain field uses plants to absorb and transpire the wastewater. It is suitable for areas with high water tables or shallow soils.

Factors Affecting the Size of a Septic Tank Drain Field

The size of a septic tank drain field depends on several factors, including:

• Number of bedrooms in the house
• Average daily water usage
• Type of soil
• Slope of the land
• Depth to groundwater

Maintenance of Septic Tank Drain Fields

To ensure the proper functioning of a septic tank drain field, regular maintenance is essential:

• Inspect and Clean: Regularly inspect the drain field for any signs of flooding, ponding, or odors. If any issues are identified, contact a septic tank professional promptly.
• Pump the Septic Tank: The septic tank should be pumped every 3-5 years to remove accumulated sludge and scum.
• Avoid Heavy Traffic: Avoid driving or parking vehicles on the drain field, as this can compact the soil and damage the pipes.
• Use Water Wisely: Conserve water to reduce the amount of wastewater entering the drain field.

Signs of a Failing Septic Tank Drain Field

If a septic tank drain field is not properly maintained, it can fail. Signs of a failing drain field include:

• Sewage backups in toilets or drains
• Ponding or flooding in the drain field area
• Foul odors around the drain field
• Lush green grass over the drain field (indicating excessive nutrients in the soil)

Consequences of a Failing Septic Tank Drain Field

A failing septic tank drain field can have serious consequences, including:

• Contamination of groundwater and surface water
• Health hazards for humans and animals
• Structural damage to the house or other buildings
• Environmental degradation

Summary

A septic tank drain field is an essential component of a septic system, responsible for treating and disposing of wastewater. Understanding its function and proper maintenance is crucial for ensuring the health and safety of your home and the environment. By following the guidelines outlined in this guide, you can help extend the lifespan of your septic tank drain field and prevent costly repairs or replacements.